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Jupiter
Jupiter or Jupiter is the fifth closest planet from the sun after Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
The average distance between Jupiter and the Sun is 778.3 million km. Jupiter is the largest and heaviest planet with a diameter of 14 980 km and has a mass 318 times the mass of the earth. The planet's rotation period is 9.8 hours, while the period of revolution is 11.86 years.
On the surface of this planet there is a giant red spots. Jupiter's atmosphere contains hydrogen (H), helium (He), methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3). Temperature at the surface of this planet ranges from-21oC up to 140oC. Like the other planets, Jupiter is composed of the elements iron and other heavy elements. Jupiter has 63 satellites, including Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto (the Galilean moons).
Jupiter (5.2 AU), with 318 times the mass of Earth, is 2.5 times the mass of all other planets combined. The main content of the hydrogen and helium. Heat source in Jupiter led to some semi-permanent feature of the atmosphere, for example ribbon of cloud and Giant Red Spot. As far as Jupiter has 63 known satellites. The four largest, Ganymede, Callisto, Io, and Europa reveal similarities with the terrestrial planets, such as volcanoes and the hot core. [44] Ganymede, the largest satellite in the Solar System, larger than Mercury.
Ganymede
Ganymede is a natural satellite of the planet Jupiter and the largest natural satellite in the Solar System. Around the planet in about seven days, he is the seventh satellite and third Galilean satellites of Jupiter. [8] Ganymede participates in orbital resonances with a 1:2:4 respectively satellites Europa and Io. He is bigger in diameter than Mercury but only about half its mass. [9]
Ganymede is mostly composed of silicate rock and water ice. He is the object surface. Dark areas, which would saturate the crater collision from up to four billion years ago, covering a third of the satellite's surface. The lighter area, crossed by grooves and ridges are large and only a little older, to cover the rest. The cause of chaotic light surface geology field is not fully known, but probably because teknonik activity generated by tidal heating. [2]
Ganymede is the only satellite in the solar system known to have a magnetosphere, which may arise due to convection in the liquid iron core. [11] a small magnetosphere was buried by Jupiter's magnetic field is much larger and connected with him through the open field lines. The satellite has a thin oxygen atmosphere that includes O, O2, O3, and maybe (ozone). [7] Atomic hydrogen is a minor atmospheric constituent. Does it have a satellite ionosphere associated with the atmosphere is still unknown. [12]
Ganymene invention is addressed to Galileo Galilei, who observed in 1610. [13] Name of the satellite was soon suggested by astronomer Simon Marius, the mythological Ganymede, cupbearer of the Greek gods and favorite of Zeus. [14] Beginning with Pioneer 10, spacecraft Space has been able to examine Ganymede closely. [15] refined measurements of the Voyager spacecraft, while the Galileo spacecraft discovered its underground ocean and magnetic field. The new mission for the months of ice of Jupiter, Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM) is proposed for launch in 2020.
Callisto
Callisto (British spelling: [kəlɪstoʊ], [1] or the Greek language: Καλλιστώ Greek) is a moon of Jupiter, discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei. [2] Callisto is the third largest moon in the Solar System and the second largest in the Jupiter system, after Ganymede. Callisto has about 99% of the diameter of the planet Mercury but only about a third of its mass. Based on the distance, he was the fourth of the month Galileo Jupiter orbit with a radius of about 1.88 million km. [3]
Io
Io (British spelling: [aɪ.oʊ], [1] or the Greek language: Ἰώ) is the closest moon of Jupiter that Galileo in the four months, and is the fourth largest moon in the Solar System. Io is the length of the diameter of 3642 kilometers. Io's name is taken from Greek mythology, Hera is the name of a priest who became one of Zeus's lovers.
Io has more than 400 active volcanoes, so it is an object of the most geologically active in the solar system. [2] [3]
Europa (moon)
Europa (Greek: Ευρώπη) is the sixth month of the planet Jupiter. Europa was discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei (by the disproof of Simon Marius, who claimed that he had discovered it in 1609). This month called for a Phoenician noblewoman named Europa, who later married Zeus and became the queen of Crete. This month of the smallest of the four Galilean moon.
At a diameter of only 3.100 kilometers, Europa-shaped smaller than Earth's Moon, and the sixth largest moon in the Solar System. Although the limits are wide, the mass of Europa is smaller than the other Galilean months, its mass is larger than the entire month of the smaller of them taken together. [1] This month is made primarily of silicate rocks and is estimated to have an iron core. Europa has an atmosphere composed of oxygen. Its surface is composed of ice and estimated that the average in the entire Solar System. The surface has been damaged much by the cracks and scratches, but very few meteor craters due to occur on Europa. Youth and the flatness of the surface of Europa has made some scientists to speculate on the presence beneath the ocean, which could save lives. [2] This hypothesis was walking on the grounds that the warmth of the core causes the ocean is still in liquid form and causes geological activity. [3]
Although the project only fly-by (or objects flying through the universe) that have met this month, an interesting character of Europa draw some scientists to explore it further with the landing something on it. Galileo mission to collect data for the month is very much on this one. A new mission to the moons of Jupiter, Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM), is expected to be launched in 2020. [4] In relation to the hypothesis for the high possibility of extraterrestrial life in this month has made scientists very interested to learn this month and many lobby has been created by it. [5] [6]
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