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The planet Jupiter or Jupiter is the largest planet in the constellation planet in the solar system. Is the fifth closest planet from the Sun, after Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Jupiter's name is derived from ancient astronomical designation which is the name of the king of the gods of ancient Rome.
Diameter of the planet Jupiter which is included in the major planets (major planets, including: Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune), that is along the 142 984 kilometers, more than 11 times the length of the diameter of planet Earth, and about 1/10 the length of the diameter of which is owned by the stars sun.
With an average distance of the Sun as far as 778.57 million kilometers, five times farther from the planet Earth. Around the Sun (revolution) in orbit slightly elliptical (oval) within 11.9 years (nearly 12 years), which is commensurate with the 4333 Earth Day. Jupiter planet on its axis of rotation is smaller than Earth and Mars, which is 9 hours 56 minutes.
Like the Earth and Mars, the planet Jupiter's atmosphere also has most of which contain hydrogen (H) and helium (He), in addition to other gas elements smaller in number. Has 16 natural satellites with the smallest diameter along 10 kilometers.
Four largest satellites, the Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Fourth of this month called the Galilean satellites, because the world was discovered by Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei, the first refractor telescope through his creation, in 1610.
In the structure
Planet with a diameter of 142 984 kilometers long, has the heaviest mass of other planets in the solar system, which is 318 times heavier than Earth. Although very heavy, but its density is relatively low, at 1.33 g / cm ³, less 1/5 of the density of the earth that 5.98 g / cm ³.
On the surface of this planet there is a giant red spots. For that reason, astronomers believe, the main elements of the planet Jupiter resembles the Sun consists of hydrogen and helium, which is the lightest element.
The planet Jupiter has a core composed of heavy elements. The possibility of its chemical composition closely resembles that held by the Earth, but 20 or 30 times as much.
Near the center of the planet Jupiter, has a much higher temperature. Temperature at the core may reach about 24,000 ° C, meaning that at the core of the planet, hotter than the Sun's surface.
Jupiter is still losing heat is generated, when it became a planet. Most astronomers believe that the sun, planets, and all other objects in the solar system, formed from the cloud spins, which consists of gas and dust.
The existence of gravitational gas and dust particles are packed together into a dense cloud of dense material and debris. About 4.6 billion years ago, the material is squeezed together to form a wide range of objects in the solar system.
The resulting compression of the material is very hot. So much heat is generated when forming the planet Jupiter. And Jupiter himself in this case, it still emits about twice as much heat into space, which receives radiant energy from sunlight.
Exterior
The planet Jupiter is usually the fourth brightest object in the sky after the Sun, Moon, and Venus. However, at certain moments, Mars looks brighter than Jupiter.
The force of gravity on the surface of the planet Jupiter reaches 2.4 times stronger than Earth's gravity. Thus, an object that weighs 100 kg on Earth, will be heavier at 240 pounds on Jupiter.
The atmosphere of the planet Jupiter, its main content is the lightest elements, namely 86% hydrogen (H) and 14% helium (He). Percentage of hydrogen, based on the number of hydrogen molecules in the atmosphere, rather than on their mass number.
And small amounts of other elements, namely methane, ammonia, phosphine, acetylene, ethane, germanium, carbon monoxide, and water. The scientists calculated the number of measurements taken through a telescope and other instruments on Earth and the spacecraft.
Elements that form the cloud layer of colorful clouds at different altitudes limits. White clouds in the highest zone, made of frozen ammonia crystals. Darker clouds below, derived from other chemicals that occur in the belt. And at the lowest level that can be seen, there are blue clouds.
The astronomers hope to find a cloud of water containing about 70 km below the ammonia clouds. However, it is not found, the level of any clouds.
The most prominent on the surface of Jupiter is the Great Red Spot, the mass of gas there spinning like a hurricane to form. Widest diameter of the spot is about three times that of Earth. This spot color usually varies from brick red (Orange), until slightly brown.
Rarely is the place to fade completely. The resulting color, probably caused by small amounts of sulfur and phosphorus contained in the ammonia crystals.
The edge of the Great Red Spot, circulating at a speed of around 360 kilometers per hour. Spot remains at the same distance from the equator, but moves slowly drifted toward the east and west. Zone, belt, and the Great Red Spot, much more stable than similar circulation systems on Earth.
Temperatures at the top of Jupiter's clouds is about -145 ° C. Temperatures will reach 21 ° C "room temperature", at the level where the pressure of the atmosphere about 10 times larger than Earth.
Scientists speculate that if Jupiter has a life, then life would be at this level. Life require air, because there is no solid surface on Jupiter.
Just as the Earth and other planets, Jupiter has a giant magnet. Magnetic force that extends far into the sky in the region around the planet, called the magnetic field.
Jupiter's magnetic field, 14 times stronger than Earth's. The strongest in the solar system, except in matters relating to sun spots and other small areas on the surface of the Sun.
Trapped in Jupiter's magnetic field the electrons, protons, and other electrically charged particles in radiation belts around the planet. These particles are so strong, that can damage spacecraft instruments are operating close to the planet.
In a space called the magnetosphere, Jupiter's magnetic field serves as a shield. Protect it from the solar wind, a stream of charged particles continuously from the Sun. Most of the particles, electrons, and protons traveling at a speed of 500 kilometers per second.
Charged particles, trapped in the radiation belts, and enter the magnetosphere near the polar magnetic field. At the farthest distance from the sun, the magnetosphere extends out into a huge magnetic tail, which is as far as ± 700 million kilometers.
Radio waves from Jupiter, radio telescopes reach Earth in two forms, namely bursts of radio energy and continuous radiation. Strong bursts occur when Io, which is the closest satellites of the four other major moons of Jupiter, passing through certain areas in the planet's magnetic field.
Persistent radiation emanating from the surface of Jupiter, as well as from high-energy particles in the radiation belts.
Satellite
Jupiter has 16 satellites (according to NASA, according to Wikipedia 63 satellites, do not know which one bener dech?) The size of the smallest diameter, is 10 kilometers. The four largest satellites called the Galilean satellites, are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, who showed a resemblance to terrestrial planets, such as volcanoes and the hot core.
Ganymede, the largest satellite in the solar system, larger than the planet Mercury, its diameter 5268 km. Callisto, 4806 km in diameter, slightly smaller than Mercury. Both are composed of ice and some rocky material, and has many craters.
Io has many active volcanoes, which produce sulfur-containing gas, the diameter of 3930 km. Yellow-orange surface of Io, probably composed largely of solid sulfur deposited by the eruption. Europa has a rating of the smallest of the Galilean satellites, with a diameter of 3130 km, has a smooth and crack the ice.
Jupiter's other satellites are much smaller than in Galilee, that Amalthea and Himalia, which is the largest order of the next. Amalthea is shaped like a potato, about 262 kilometers in length dimension. Himalia 170 kilometers in diameter.
Remaining satellites discovered by astronomers using large telescopes Earth. They found the Metis and Adrastea in 1979, by studying images taken by the Voyager spacecraft.
The Ring Planet
Jupiter has three thin rings around the equator. Dimmer than Saturn's rings. Jupiter's rings appear to consist largely of fine dust particles.
The main ring, the thickness of approximately ± 30 km, and its width is more than 6,400 kilometers. This ring circles the planet Jupiter, is in the orbit of Amalthea.
Characteristics
General characteristics of the Planet Jupiter, as follows:
A. Name Planet: Jupiter
2. Rotation time: 9.56 hours
3. At the Revolution: 11.9 years
4. Atmosphere: Hydrogen, Helium, Methane, Ammonia, phosphine, Acetylene, Ethane, Germanium, Carbon Monoxide, Water
5. Natural satellite: 16 or 63 satellites, Among them: Ganymede, Callisto, Io, Europa, Amalthea, Himalia, Metis, Adrastea
6. Distance to the Sun: 778.57 million km
7. Planet Diameter: 142 984 Km
8. Planet Colors: Orange brown
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